latin verbs english

• Intro
• Phonetics
• Phonology
• Morphology
• Parts of speech
• Latin verbs

A C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V

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On this page are many Latin verbs with descendants in English. What good is such a list? Most of the “hard” words in English, the ones you’ll see on tests and in books for educated people, come from Latin.

The best way to learn “hard” words is slowly, meeting them in books over years of reading. But that’s no secret – everybody knows that. What not many people know is that these words can also be learned fairly rapidly by first learning a sprinkling of Latin, namely:

1. A small number of prefixes
2. A larger number of verbs
3. A small number of verb endings
4. A very small number of adjustments

Let’s see what we can cook from just these ingredients.

1. prefixes: ad, cum, contrā, dē, ex, in, inter, per, re-, sub
2. verb: capere
3. verb endings: -re (infinitive), -nt (present participle), -t (past participle)
4. adjustments: mid-vowel raising (a > e/i), consonant assimilation, Frenchification (extra vowel, p > v)

We start with the verb’s infinitive form, capere. (“Infinitive” means unfinished, or unconjugated: the verb in a vacuum, tenseless and not yoked to any particular subject.) We can tell it’s an infinitive by the suffix -re.

Now we’ll add some prefixes, like this:

• ad + capere = adcapere > adcipere > accipere (notice the adjustments?)
• cum + capere = cumcapere > cumcipere > concipere
• dē + capere = dēcapere > dēcipere
• ex + capere = excipere
• in + capere = incipere
• inter + capere = intercipere
• per + capere = percipere
• re- + capere = recipere
• sub + capere = suscipere

These -cipere words may not look very familiar yet, but they will once we filter them through French:

• concipere > conceive (i > ei, p > v)
• dēcipere > deceive
• percipere > perceive
• recipere > receive

And it’s often pretty easy to see how these prefixes and roots add up to the modern English meanings of these words. To conceive of an idea is to take together all the parts that inspire it; to deceive a person is to take him down by trickery; to perceive a thing is to take it in through your senses; to receive an object is to take it back to yourself.

That’s not all we can do with our Latin -cipere words. We can get a couple more English words from the present participle. (This is the active adjective in -ing: take > taking, as in ‘the note-taking student’, a student who takes notes. The verb take is used like an adjective to describe student, the doer of the action.) To form the present participle stem in Latin, add the suffix -nt to the verb’s stem, cape-:

• incipere > incipient- (e > ie before -nt in this verb class)
• recipere > recipient-

These are, of course, the sources of our words incipient and recipient. A recipient is a person who receives, literally a ‘receiving [person]’. Incipient means ‘at an early stage’, because incipere means ‘begin’ (in ‘on’ + capere ‘take’ = incipere ‘take on’ = ‘begin’, as when you take on a project).

More useful still is the past participle. (This is the passive adjective: take > taken, as in ‘Taken by surprise, the troops were defeated’. The troops didn’t do the taking, but suffered it. The verb take is used as an adjective to describe troops, the victim of the action.) To form the past participle stem of one of our capere words, drop the stem vowel -e and add the suffix -t directly to the root:

• accipere > accept- (accept, acceptance)
• concipere > concept- (concept, conception)
• dēcipere > dēcept- (deception, deceptive)
• excipere > except- (except, exception)
• incipere > incept- (inception, inceptive)
• intercipere > intercept- (intercept, interception, interceptor)

If you can recognize that cap in capture, cip in incipient, cept in concept, and ceive in receive are all the same thing – just forms (allomorphs) of capere ‘take’ – you can hang them all together in the same mental family tree, which will help you decode a “harder” word like incipient just as readily as you would an “easier” word like receive. Knowing how to form the participles and how adjustments can change the shape of a verb will make you better at recognizing allomorphs, and thus better at knowing a Latin verb root when you see it in English. That’s the recipe for vocab-learning success!

Below, you’ll find letters of the alphabet. Click one, and it will unfold a list of Latin verbs that start with that letter. Click on a word to jump to a brick with that word on it. Click the brick, and it will unfold a list of English words that derive from the Latin one.

These English words are organized by prefix. For example, all the words beside ad come from a Latin compound of that preposition and the verb you’re looking at. Click on any Latin prefix or English word in the list to open a link to its entry in the Online Etymology Dictionary. There you’ll find the word’s entire history in our language.

Though most of the words on this page come from either single verbs or compounds of a verb and a prefix, some come from compounds of a verb and another element. This other element will be noted here in place of a prefix, identified by its part of speech (noun, verb, etc.).

Abbreviations you’ll find useful:

• prp: present participle, used to form adjectives, and sometimes agent nouns
• pp: past participle, used to form adjectives, and frequently verbs
• fap: future active participle, used to describe a noun that will take its action
• caus: causative, a derived verb whose subject doesn’t take its action directly, but causes it to be taken by another
• freq: frequentative, a derived verb (built on the pp stem) whose action is performed repeatedly or intensely
• cf: short for confer (Latin for ‘see also’); points to another verb on this page that isn’t derived from the verb you’re looking at, but is related to it, so worth a look
• *: marks words that, because obsolete or technical, are rare in modern English but worth meeting because of their connection to more familiar words

One final note, of more interest to scholars than to casual users: The participle forms on this list are not full Latin words, but stems. The way to say ‘reigning’, for instance, in Latin is not regnant-, but regnāns, regnantis, regnantī, etc. The form with the long vowel and -s is the nominative case, used to describe the subject of a sentence (Latin adjectives change form to match the case, number, and gender of their target nouns). Similarly, the Latin for ‘beloved’ is not amāt- but amātus, amātī, etc. Though the nominative is useful to lexicographers for citing participles, and to us for recognizing them in dictionaries, the case form that comes to us in English is not the nominative, but a clipped form of the accusative. As Latin turned to French in Gaul, the accusative case endings -em and -um were shorn off, leaving for English the stems in -nt and -t. I have listed the participles here as stems rather than full words because 1) the stem forms are more like our English ones, and 2) they are morphologically purer, since the nominative -āns and -ēns are really contracted forms of -ants and -ents in which the vowel has lengthened to compensate for the lost consonant.

A

agere

‘do, drive’	prp agent- | pp āct-
∅	act, agenda, agent, agile, agitate
ambi-	ambiguous
contrā	counteract
cum	cache, cachet, coagulate, cogent, cogitate
ex	exact, exigent
in	enact
in-	intransigent
inter	interact
prō	proactive
re-	react, redact
retro	retroactive
trāns	intransigent, transaction
adj	castigate, mitigate
noun	fumigation, litigation

amāre

‘love’	prp amant- | pp amāt-
∅	Amanda, amateur, amatory

ambulāre

‘walk’	prp ambulant- | pp ambulāt-
∅	alley, amble, ambulance, ambulate
circum	circumambulate
per	perambulate
prae	preamble
noun	funambulist*, somnambulism*

arcēre

‘box in’	prp arcent- | pp arcit-
∅	arcane
cum	coerce
ex	exercise

ārdēre

‘burn’	prp ārdent- | pp ārs-
∅	ardent, ardor, arson

C

cadere

‘fall’	prp cadent- | pp cās- | caus caedere
∅	cadaver, cadence, cadenza*, caducous*, cascade, case, casual, casuist*, chance, chute
ad	accident
cum	coincidence
dē	decay, decadence
ex	escheat*
in	incident
ob	occasion, Occident
re-	recidivism

caedere

‘cut, kill’	prp caedent- | pp caes- | caus of cadere
∅	caesura, caesarian, cement, chisel, -cide
circum	circumcise
cum	concise
dē	decide
ex	excise, scissors
in	incise
prae	precise

calāre

‘call’	prp calant- | pp calāt-
∅	calendar, calends*
cum	council
inter	intercalate*
noun	nomenclature

canere

‘sing’	prp canent- | pp cant- | freq cantāre
∅	cantor*, canzone*, chanson*, chant, charm
ad	accent
cum	concent*
in	incentive
prae	precentor*

cantāre

‘sing’	prp cantant- | pp cantāt- | freq of canere
∅	cantabile*, cantata*
in	enchant, incantation
re-	recant

capere

‘take’	prp capient- | pp capt-
∅	capable, capacious, capacity, capiche*, captive, captor, capture
ad	accept
cum	conceive, concept, conception
contrā	contraception, contraceptive
dē	deceive, deception, deceptive
ex	except
in	incept*, incipient
inter	intercept
per	perceive, perception, perceptive
prae	precept, preconceive, preconception
re-	receive, receptacle, reception, receptive, recipe
sub	susceptible
trāns	transceiver

causārī

‘plead’	prp causant- | pp causāt-
∅	coze*
ad	accuse
ex	excuse
re-	recuse*, ruse

cēdere

‘go (away)’	prp cēdent- | pp cess-
∅	cease, cede, cession
ab	abscess
ad	accede, access, accession
ante	ancestor, antecedent
cum	concede, concession
dē	decease
ex	exceed, excess
in-	incessant
inter	intercede
prae	precede, precedent, precession*
prō	proceed, process, procession
re-	recede, recess, recession, recessive
sub	succeed, success, succession
adv	necessary

cernere

‘sort’	prp cernent- | pp crēt-
cum	concert
dē	decree
dis-	discern, discreet, discrete
ex	excrement, excrete
sē-	secret, secretion

cingere

‘gird’	prp cingent- | pp cinct-
∅	cinch, cincture*, shingles
in	enceinte*
prae	precinct
sub	succinct

clāmāre

‘shout’	prp clāmant- | pp clāmāt-
∅	claim, claimant
ad	acclaim, acclamation, clamor
dē	declaim, declamation
dis	disclaim, disclaimer
ex	exclaim, exclamation
prō	proclaim, proclamation
re-	reclaim, reclamation

claudere

‘shut’	prp claudent- | pp claus-
∅	clause, cloister, close, closet
cum	conclude, conclusion
ex	exclude, exclusion
in	include, inclusion
prae	preclude, preclusion
re-	recluse
sē-	seclude, seclusion
noun	claustrophobia

coquere

‘cook’	prp coquent- | pp coct-
∅	cook, cuisine, kitchen
cum	concoct
dē	decoct
prae	precocious
adv	biscuit
noun	terra-cotta

creāre

‘create’	prp creant- | pp creāt-
∅	create, creature, creole
prō	procreate
re-	re-create, recreation

crēdere

‘believe’	prp crēdent- | pp crēdit-
∅	credence, credential, credenza, credo, credible, credit, credulous
dis-	discredit
in-	incredible, incredulous
mis-	miscreant
re-	recreant

crēscere

‘grow’	prp crēscent- | pp crēt-
∅	crescendo, crescent, crew, croissant, cru*
ad	accretion
cum	concrete
dē	decrease
ex	excrescence
in	increase
re-	recruit

currere

‘run’	prp current- | pp curs-
∅	corral, corridor, corsair, courier, course, currency, current, cursive, cursor, cursor, cursory
cum	concourse, concur
dis-	discourse, discursive
ex	excursion
in	incur, incursion
inter	intercourse
ob	occur
sub	precursor
re-	recur, recursion
sub	succor

D

damnāre

‘blame’	prp damnant- | pp damnāt-
∅	damage, damn
cum	condemn
in-	indemnify, indemnity

dare

‘give’	prp dant- | pp dat- | cf dōnāre, dōtāre
∅	data, date, dative*, die (pl. dice)
ab	abscond
ad	add
cum	abscond, command, commend, condiment, recondite
ex	edition
per	perdition
re-	recondite, remand
trāns	tradition, traitor
noun	command, commend, mandate, remand, vend

dēbēre

‘owe, must’	prp debent- | pp dēbit- | from dē + habēre
∅	debit, debt, debenture, due, duty
in	endeavor, indebted

decēre

‘be fitting’	prp decent- | caus docēre-
∅	decent

dicāre

‘make known’	prp dicant- | pp dicāt- | cf dīcere
ab-	abdicate
dē	dedicate
prae	preach, predicate
noun	vindicate

dīcere

‘say’	prp dīcent- | pp dict- | cf dicāre
∅	dictate, diction, dictionary, dictum, ditto
ad-	addict
cum	condition
ex	edict
in	indict
inter	interdict
prae	predict
adv	benediction, malediction
noun	judge, judicial, juridical, jurisdiction, veridical
verb	valediction

docēre

‘teach’	prp docent- | pp doct- | caus of decēre
∅	docent, docile, doctor, doctrine, document
in	indoctrinate

dolēre

‘feel pain’	prp dolent- | pp dolit-
∅	doleful
cum	condole
in-	indolence

dōnāre

‘give’	prp dōnant- | pp dōnāt- | cf dare
∅	donation, donee, donor
per	pardon

dōtāre

‘bestow’	prp dōtant- | pp dōtāt- | cf dare
∅	dower, dowry
per	pardon

dūcere

‘lead’	prp dūcent- | pp duct-
∅	duchess, duct, ductile, duke
ab-	abduct
ad-	adduce, adduct*
cum	conduce, conduct
dē	deduce, deduct
ex	educate, educe
in	endue, induce, induct
prō	produce, product
re-	reduce
sē-	seduce
sub	subduction, subdue
trāns	traduce, transduction

E

edere

‘eat’	prp edent- | pp ēs-
∅	edacious*, edible, esculent*, esurient*
cum	comestible
ob	obese

emere

‘take, buy’	prp ement- | pp ēmpt-
∅	emption*
ad	assume, assumption
cum	consume, consumption
ex	exempt
in-	impromptu
per	peremptory
prae	premium
prō	impromptu, prompt
re-	redeem, redemption, resume, resumption
sub	assume, consume, sumptuous

esse

‘be’	prp ent- | fap futūr-
∅	essence, essive*, future
ab(s)	absent
inter	interest
prae	present

F

facere

‘make, do’	prp facient- | pp fact-
∅	hacienda, facile, fact, faction, factitious, factor, factory, fashion, feasance*, feasible, fiat, -fication, -fy
ad	affect, affectation, affection, affective
contrā	counterfeit
cum	comfit, confection, confit*, discomfit
dē	defect, deficient
dis-	disaffected, discomfit
ex	effect, effective, efficacious, efficient
in	infect
per	perfect
prae	prefect
prō	proficient
re-	refectory
sub	suffice, sufficient
super	surfeit
adj	magnify, magnificent
adv	benefactor, beneficent, beneficial, beneficiary, benefit, malefactor, malefic, maleficent
noun	calefacient*, manufacture, munificent office, officious
verb	lessaiz-faire

fārī

‘speak’	prp fant- | pp fāt- | cf fatērī
∅	fable, fabulous, fate
ad	affable
cum	confabulate
ex	effable, ineffable
in-	ineffable, infant
adv	bifarious*, nefandous*

fatērī

‘acknowledge’	prp fatent- | pp fass- | cf fārī
cum	confess
prō	profess

ferre

‘bear’	prp ferent- | pp lāt-
∅	ferry, fertile
ab	ablate*, ablative*
circum	circumference
cum	collate, confer
dē	defer
dis-	differ
ex	elated
in	infer
ob	oblation, offer, proffer
prae	prefer, prelate*
prō	proffer, prolate*, proliferate
re-	refer, relate
sub	suffer
super	superlative
noun	aquifer, Carboniferous, conifer, legislation, Lucifer, odoriferous, pestiferous, vociferous

fervēre

‘boil’	prp fervent-
∅	ferment, fervent, fervid, fervor
ex	effervescent

fīgere

‘fasten’	prp fīgent- | pp fīx-
∅	fibula, fix
ad	affix
in	infix*
prae	prefix
sub	soffit*, suffix
trāns	transfix, transfix
noun	crucify

fingere

‘shape’	prp fingent- | pp fict-
∅	feign, fiction, fictive, figment, figure
ex	effigy

flāre

‘blow’	prp flant- | pp flāt-
∅	flatulence, flatus, flavor
cum	conflate
dē	deflate
in	inflate
sub	soufflé

flectere

‘bend’	prp flectent- | pp flex-
∅	flex
circum	circumflex
dē	deflect
in	inflect
re-	reflect
retro	retroflex*
noun	genuflection*

flīgere

‘strike’	prp flīgent- | pp flīct-
ad	afflict
cum	conflict
in	inflict
prō	profligate

fluere

‘flow’	prp fluent- | pp flūx-
∅	fluctuate, fluent, fluid, flume, fluorescent, fluoride, fluorite*, fluorspar*, flush, fluvial, flux
ad	affluent
circum	circumfluent
cum	confluence
ex	effluence*
in	influence, influenza, influx
super	superfluous

frangere

‘break’	prp frangent- | pp frāct-
∅	fractal, fraction, fragile, fragment, frangible*
ambi-	anfractuous*
dē	defray
dis-	diffract
in	infringe
in-	irrefragable*, irrefrangible*
re-	irrefragable*, irrefrangible*, refract
noun	ossifrage*, naufragous*, saxifrage*

fugere

‘flee’	prp fugent-
∅	fugacious*, fugitive, fugue
re-	refuge
subter	subterfuge
noun	centrifugal, centrifuge, lucifugous*

fulgēre

‘shine’	prp fulgent-
∅	fulgent*
ex	effulgent
re-	refulgent

fundere

‘pour’	prp fundent- | pp fūs-
∅	fondant, fondue, fund, fusion
cum	confound, confuse
dis-	diffuse
ex	effuse
in	infuse
re-	refund, refuse
sub	suffuse
trāns	transfuse
adj	dumbfound

fungī

‘perform’	prp fungent- | pp fūnct-
∅	function, fungible
dē	defunct
per	perfunctory

G

generāre

‘bring forth’	prp generant- | pp generāt- | cf gignere, gnāscī
∅	generate, gender
dē	degenerate
in	engender
re-	regeneration

gerere

‘carry’	prp gerent- | pp gest-
∅	gerund, gestate, jest
cum	confound, congest
dis-	digest
in	ingest
re-	register
sub	suggest
noun	belligerent, vicegerent*

gignere

‘give birth to’	prp gignent- | pp genit- | cf generāre, gnāscī
∅	genial, genital, genitive*, genius, gentle, genuine
cum	congenital
in	engine, ingénue*, ingenious, ingenuous
indi-	indigenous
prae-	pregenital*
prō	progeny
sub	suggest
adj	primogeniture
adv	benign, benignant, malign, malignant

gnāscī

‘be born’	prp gnant-, | pp gnāt- | later nāscī | cf generāre, gignere
∅	naissance*, naïve, nascent, natal*, Natalie, nation, native, nature, née, Noel
cum	cognate, connate*
in	impregnate, innate
post	postnatal, puisne*, puny
prae	impregnate, pregnant, prenatal
re-	renaissance
adj	neonate

gnōscere

‘know’	prp gnoscent- | pp nōt- | later nōscere
∅	noble, note, notice, notion, notorious
ad	acquaint
cum	acquaint, cognition, cognizant, connoisseur, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter
in-	ignoble, ignoramus, ignorant
re-	recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter

gradī

‘step’	prp gradient- | pp gress-
∅	grade, gradient
ad	aggression
cum	congress
dē	degrade
dis	digress
ex	egress
in	ingredient, ingress
prō	progress
re-	regress
retro	retrograde, retrogression

H

habēre

‘have’	prp habent- | pp habit- | caus habitāre
∅	able, habiliment*, habilitate*, habit
dē	debt
ex	exhibit
in	inhibit
prō	prohibit, provender
re-	rehabilitate
adv	malady

habitāre

‘dwell’	prp habitant- | pp habitāt- | caus of habēre
∅	habitat
cum	cohabitation
in	inhabit

horrēre

‘bristle with fear’	prp horrent-
∅	horrendous, horrible, horrid, horror
ab	abhor
noun	horripilation*
verb	horrify

hortārī

‘urge’	prp hortant- | pp hortāt-
∅	hortative, hortatory
ex	exhort

I

iacere

‘throw’	prp iacent- | pp iact- | cf iacēre
∅	ictus*, jess*, jet
ab	abject
ad	adjective
ambi-	Munchkin
dē	deject
ex	ejaculate, eject
in	inject
ob	object
prō	project
re-	reject
sub	subject
trāns	trajectory

iacēre

‘lie down’	prp iacent- | fap iacitūr- | cf iacere
∅	gist, joist
ad	adjacent
circum	circumjacent*
inter	interjacent*
sub	subjacent*

īre

‘go’	prp ient- | pp it-
∅	itinerant
cum	concomitant, constable, count
ex	exit
in	initiate
ob	obituary
praeter	preterite*
sē-	sedition
trāns	transient, transit

iungere

‘link’	prp iungent- | pp iūnct-
∅	join, jugular, juxtapose
ad	adjoin, adjunct
cum	conjoin, conjugal, conjugate, conjunct, conjunction
in	enjoin
re-	rejoin
sub	subjoin*, subjugate, subjunctive*

iūrāre

‘swear’	prp iūrant- | pp iūrāt-
∅	jurat*, jurist, jury
ab	abjure
ad	adjure
cum	conjure
per	perjure, perjury

iuvāre

‘help’	prp iuvant- | pp iūt-
∅	jocund
ad	adjutant, aid

L

laudāre

‘praise’	prp laudant- | pp laudāt-
∅	laud, laudatory
ad	allow

lavāre

‘wash’	prp iūrant- | pp iūrāt- | comb -luere
∅	latrine, laundry, lava, lave, lavender, lavish
ab	ablution
ad	alluvium
dis-	deluge, dilute

lēgāre

‘dispatch’	prp lēgant- | pp lēgāt-
∅	legate
cum	colleague
re-	relegate

legere

‘choose, gather, read’	prp legent- | pp lēct-
∅	lectern, lection, lecture, legend, legible, legion, lesson
cum	collect
dis-	diligent
ex	elect
inter	intelligent
re-	religion?
sē	select
adj	sacrilege
adv	neglect

ligāre

‘bind’	prp ligant- | pp ligāt-
∅	furl?, league, legato, liable, liaison, lictor*, lien, ligand*, ligament, ligate, ligature
ad	allegiance, alloy
cum	colligate
dē-	deligate
ob	oblige
re-	rely

linquere

‘leave’	prp linquent- | pp -lict-
dē	delinquent
re-	relic, relict, relinquish

locāre

‘set’	prp locant- | pp locāt-
∅	locable*, locate
ad	accoucheur*, accoucheuse*
cum	collocate, couch
dis-	dislocate

loquī

‘talk’	prp loquent- | pp locūt-
∅	locution, loquacious, loquitur*
circum	circumlocution
cum	colloquy
ex	elocution, eloquent
in	illocution
inter	interlocutor
ob	obloquy
adj	grandiloquent, magniloquent, soliloquy, somniloquy
noun	ventriloquy

M

manēre

‘stay’	prp manent- | pp mans-
∅	manor, manse, mansion
in	immanent
per	permanent
re-	remain

mittere

‘send’	prp mittent- | pp miss-
∅	mass, mess, message, missile, mission
ad	admit, admission
cum	commit, committee, commission, compromise
dē	demise, demit
dis-	dismiss
ex	emit
inter	intermit, intermission
ob	omit
per	permit
prae	premise
praeter	pretermit*
prō	compromise, promise
re-	remit, remission
sub	submit
super	surmise
noun	manumit

monēre

‘warn’	prp monent- | pp monit-
∅	money?, monitor, monitory, monster, monument, muster
ad	admonish
dē	demonstrate
prae	premonition
re-	remonstrate

mordēre

‘bite’	prp mordent- | pp mors-
∅	mordacious, mordant, morsel
ex	smirch
re-	remorse

morī

‘die’	prp morient- | pp mort-
∅	moribund, mortal, mortuary, murrain
noun	mortgage
verb	mortify

movēre

‘move’	prp movent- | pp mōt- | caus mutāre
∅	mobile, motile, motor, move
cum	commotion
dē	demote
ex	emotion
prae	premotion*
prō	promote
re-	remove

mūtāre

‘change’	prp mūtant- | pp mūtāt- | caus of movēre
∅	mew*, molt, mutable, mutant, mutation
cum	commute
per	permutation
trāns	transmutation

N

nāscī

‘be born’	prp nascent- | pp nāt- | earlier gnāscī |
∅	naissance*, naïve, nascent, natal*, Natalie, nation, native, nature, née, Noel
cum	cognate, connate*
in	impregnate, innate
post	postnatal, puisne*, puny
prae	impregnate, pregnant, prenatal
re-	renaissance
adj	neonate

negāre

‘say no’	prp negant- | pp negāt-
∅	negate, negative
ab	abnegate
dē	deny
re-	renege

nocēre

‘harm’	prp nocent- | pp nocit-
∅	nocuous, noxious, nuisance
in-	innocuous, innocent
verb	nociceptive

nōscere

‘know’	prp noscent- | pp nōt- | earlier gnōscere
∅	noble, note, notice, notion, notorious
ad	acquaint
cum	acquaint, cognition, cognizant, connoisseur, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter
in-	ignoble, ignoramus, ignorant
re-	recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter

nūntiāre

‘tell’	prp nūntiant- | pp nūntiāt-
∅	negate, negative
ad	announce, annunciation
dē	denounce, denunciation
ex	enunciate
prō	pronounce, pronunciation
re-	renounce, renunciation

O

olēre

‘smell’	prp olent-
re-	redolent
adj	acrylic
verb	olfaction, olfactory

ōrāre

‘speak, pray, beg’	prp ōrānt- | pp ōrāt-
∅	oracle, orate, orison*
ad	adore
ex	inexorable
in-	inexorable
per	peroration

P

pangere

‘fix, drive’	prp pangent- | pp pāct-
∅	pact, page
in	impact, impinge
prō	propagate

patī

‘suffer’	prp patient- | pp pass-
∅	passion, passive, patient
cum	compassion
in-	impassive

pausāre

‘lay down’	prp pausant- | pp pausāt-
∅	pause, posada*, pose
cum	compose
re-	repose

pellere

‘push’	prp pellent- | pp puls-
∅	pelt, pulse, push
ad	appeal, appellate
cum	compel, compulsion
dis-	dispel
ex	expel, expulsion
in	impel, impulse
inter	interpellate
prō	propel, propulsion
re-	repel, repulsion

pendere

‘hang, weigh’	prp pendent- | pp pēns-
∅	pendant, pending, pendulum, pension, pensive, peso, poise
ad	append, appendix
cum	compendium, compensate
dē	depend
dis-	dispense
ex	expend, expensive
in	impend
per	perpendicular
prō	propensity
sub	suspend
noun	stipend

petere

‘rush, fly; seek, beg’	prp petent- | pp petīt-
∅	petition, petulant
ad	appetence, appetite
cum	compete, compete, competent
in	impetus
prō	propitiate
re-	repeat
noun	centripetal

pingere

‘paint’	prp pingent- | pp pict-
∅	paint, picture, pigment, pint, pinto
dē	depict

plācāre

‘soothe’	prp plācant- | pp plācāt- | cf placēre
∅	placable, placate
sub	supple?

placēre

‘be pleasing’	prp placent- | pp placit- | cf plācāre
∅	placebo, placid, plea, please, pleasant, pleasure
cum	complacent, complaisant
dis-	displease
sub	supple?

plangere

‘lament’	prp plangent- | pp plānct-
∅	plaint, plaintive, plangent
cum	complain, complaint

plaudere

‘clap’	prp plaudent- | pp plaus-
∅	plaudit, plausible
ad	applaud, applause
ad	explode, explosion
in	implode, implosion

plectere

‘weave’	prp plectent- | pp plex-
∅	plash, plex, plexus
ad	appetence, appetite
cum	complex, complexion
per	perplex

plicāre

‘fold’	prp plicant- | pp plicāt-
∅	plait, plight, ply
ad	accomplice, apply, application
cum	accomplice, complicate, complicity
dis-	deploy, display, ploy?, splay
ex	explicate, explicit
in	employ, implicate, implicit, imply, ploy?
re-	replica, replicate
sub	supplicate, supply
adj	multiplex*, multiply, simple, simplex*
num	double, duplicate, duplicity, triplicate, quadruplicate*

plōrāre

‘cry’	prp plōrant- | pp plōrāt-
dē	deplore
ex	explore
in	implore

polīre

‘polish’	prp polient- | pp polīt-
∅	polish, polite
extrā	extrapolate
inter	interpolate

pōnere

‘put, place’	prp pōnent- | pp posit-
∅	posit, post, postage, posture
ad	apposite, apposition
cum	cache, composite, compound
contrā	contrapose*
dē	depose, deposit, deposition
dis-	dispose
ex	exponent, expose, exposé, exposition, expound
in	impose, impound, superimpose
inter	interpose
ob	oppose, opposite
prō	propose, propound*
re-	repository
sub	suppose, suppository
super	superimpose, superpose*
trāns	transpose

portāre

‘carry’	prp portant- | pp portāt-
∅	portable, portage, porter
ab	asportation*
ad	rapport
cum	comport
dē	deport
dis	disport, sport
ex	export
in	import, important
prō	purport
re-	rapport, report
sub	support
trāns	transport
noun	portfolio

praehendere

‘grab’	prp praehendent- | pp praehēns-
∅	pregnable, prehensile, prehension*, prison, prize
ad	apprehend, apprehension, apprise
cum	comprehend, comprehension, comprise
in	impresario
re-	reprehend, reprehension
super	surprise

premere

‘press’	prp prement- | pp press-
∅	press, pressure, print
cum	compress
dē	depress
in	imprint, impress
ob	oppress
re-	repress

probāre

‘test’	prp probant- | pp probāt-
∅	probable, proband*, probate, probation, probe, proof, prove
re-	reprobate, reprove

pūgnāre

‘fight’	prp pūgnant- | pp pūgnāt- | cf pungere
∅	pugilist, pugnacious
ex	expugn*
in	impugn
ob	oppugn*
re-	repugnant

pungere

‘pierce, prick’	prp pungent- | pp pūnct- | cf pūgnāre
∅	pink, poignant, point, punch, punctilio*, punctilious, punctuation, punctual, puncture, pungent
ad	appoint
contrā	counterpoint
cum	compunction
ex	expunge
inter	interpunct*

putāre

‘count, trim, think’	prp putant- | pp putāt-
∅	putative
ambi-	amputate
cum	compute, count
dē	depute*, deputy
dis-	dispute
in	impute
re-	repute, reputation

Q

quaerere

‘ask, seek’	prp quaerent- | pp quaesītus-
∅	querent*, quaestor*, query, quest, question, quiz
ad	acquire
cum	conquer, conquest
in	inquest, inquire, inquisition
per	perk, perquisite
prae	prerequisite
re-	prerequisite, request, require, requisite

quatere

‘shake’	prp quatent- | pp quass-
∅	quash
cum	concussion
dis-	discuss
ex-	rescue
per	percussion
re-	repercussion, rescue

querī

‘complain’	prp querent-
∅	quarrel, querent*, querulous

R

rādere

‘scrape’	prp rādent- | pp rās-
∅	radula, rash, raster*, raze
ab	abrade, abrasion
ex	erase
noun	tabula rasa

rapere

‘seize’	prp rapent- | pp rapt-
∅	rapacious, rape, rapid, rapine, rapt, raptor, ravish
sub	surreptitious
verb	usurp

regere

‘straighten’	prp regent- | pp rēct- | cf regnāre, regulāre
∅	rector, rectum, regent, regime, region
cum	correct, corrigible, incorrigible
dis-	direct, dirigible
ex	erect
sub	insurgent, insurrection, resurrection, sortie, source, surge
verb	usurp

regnāre

‘govern’	prp regnant- | pp regnāt- | from regere
∅	regnant, reign

regulāre

‘rule’	prp regulant- | pp regulāt- | from regere
∅	regulate, rule

rīdere

‘laugh’	prp rīdent- | pp rīs-
∅	ridicule, risible
dē	deride

rōdere

‘gnaw’	prp rodent- | pp rōs-
∅	rodent, rostrum
cum	corrode, corrosion
ex	erode, erosion

rogāre

‘ask’	prp rogant- | pp rogāt-
∅	rogation*
ab	abrogate
ad	arrogant, arrogate*
cum	corvée*
dē	derogate*, derogatory
ex	supererogation*
inter	interrogate
prae	prerogative
prō	prorogue*
sub	surrogate
super	supererogation*, supererogatory

S

salīre

‘jump’	prp salient- | pp salt-
∅	salacious, salient, sally, saltire*, sault*, sauté
ad	assail, assault
cum	consilience*
dē	desultory
ex	exult
in	insult
super	somersault

sapere

‘have good taste, know’	prp sapient-
∅	sapid, sapient, savant, savvy
verb	savoir-faire

scandere

‘climb’	prp scandent- | pp scāns-
∅	echelon, escalade, escalate, escalator, scale, scan, scansion
ad	ascend, ascension, ascent
dē	descend, descension, descent
trāns	transcend, transcendent

scindere

‘cut’	prp scindent- | pp sciss- | cf scīre
∅	shingle
ab	abscissa*, abscission
re-	rescind

scīre

‘know’	prp scient- | pp scīt- | cf scindere
∅	science, scienter*, scilicet*, sciolist*
cum	conscience, conscientious, conscious
prae	prescient
adv	nescient*, nice
noun	omniscient, plebiscite

scrībere

‘write’	prp scrībent- | pp scrīpt-
∅	scribe, scribble, script, scripture
ad	ascribe, ascription
circum	circumscribe, circumscription
cum	conscript
cum	describe, description
in	inscribe, inscription
prae	prescribe, prescription
prō	proscribe, proscription
sub	subscribe, subscript, subscription
super	superscribe*, superscript, superscription*

secāre

‘cut’	prp secant- | pp sect-
∅	section, sector, segment, sex
dis-	dissect
in	insect
inter	intersect
re-	resect*
trāns	transect
num	bisect, trisect

sedēre

‘sit’	prp sedent- | pp sess-
∅	seance, sedan, sedate, sedentary, sediment, sedulous, see, sessile, session, siege
ad	assiduous
dis-	dissident
in	insidious
ob	obsess
prae	preside, president
re-	reside, resident
sub	subside, subsidy, subsidiary
super	supersede

sentīre

‘feel’	prp sentient- | pp sēns-
∅	sense, sensor, sensual, sentence, sententious, sentient, sentiment, sentinel
ad	assent
cum	consent, consensual
dis-	dissent, dissension
prae	presentiment
re-	resent

sequī

‘follow’	prp sequent- | pp secūt-
∅	second, segue, sequacious*, sequence, sequester, sue, suit, suitor
cum	consecutive, consequence, consequential
ex	execute, executive, extrinsic
in	ensue
intrā	intrinsic
ob	obsequy*, obsequious
per	persecute
prō	prosecute, pursue
sub	subsequent

servāre

‘keep watch’	prp servant- | pp servāt-
cum	conserve
ob	observe
prae	preserve
re-	reserve

servīre

‘serve’	prp servient- | pp servītus-
∅	sergeant, serve, service, servient*, servile, servitude
dē	desert, deserve
sub	subservient

sistere

‘stand’	prp sistent- | pp stat- | from stāre
ad	assist
cum	consist, consistent
dē	desist
ex	exist
per	persist
re-	resist
sub	subsist
trāns	transistor

solvere

‘loosen’	prp solvent- | pp solūt- | from sē + luere ‘untie’
∅	soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent
ab	absolve, absolution
dis-	dissolve, dissolution
re-	resolve, resolution

spargere

‘scatter’	prp spargent- | pp spars-
∅	sparse
ad	Asperges*, aspersion
dis-	disperse
inter	intersperse

specere

‘scatter’	prp specent- | pp spect-
∅	special, species, specious, spectacle, spectator, specter, spectrum*, speculate, speculum
ad	aspect
circum	circumspect
cum	conspectus*, conspicuous
dē	despicable, despise
in	inspect
inter	interspecific*
per	perspicacious, perspicuous
prō	prospect, prospectus*
re-	respect, respective, respite
sub	suspect, suspicious
retrō	retrospect
verb	specify, specific, interspecific*

spīrāre

‘breathe’	prp spīrant- | pp spīrat-
∅	spirit
ad	aspire
ex	expire
in	inspire
per	perspire
re-	respire
sub	suspire
trāns	transpire

stāre

‘stand’	prp stant- | pp stat- | caus statuere | cf sistere, stināre
∅	estate, stable, stance, state, station, status, stet*
cum	constable, constant, cost
dis-	distant
ex	extant
in	instance, instant, instate
per	perspire
sub	substance

statuere

‘set up’	prp statuent- | pp statūtus- | caus of stāre
∅	statue, statute
cum	constituent, constitute, constitution
dē	destitute
in	institute, institute, institution
prō	prostitute
re-	restitute
sub	substitute

stināre

‘stand’	prp stinant- | pp stināt- | from stāre
∅	statue, statute
dē	destination, destine, destiny
prae	predestination
ob	obstinate

stringere

‘bind’	prp stringent- | pp strict-
∅	strain, strait, stress, strict, stricture, stringent
ad	astringent
cum	constrain, constrait, constrict
dis-	distress
prae	prestige
re-	restrain, restrict

struere

‘build’	prp struent- | pp strūct-
∅	structure
cum	construe, construct
dē-	destroy, destruction
in	instruct, instrument
indū-	industry
ob	obstruct

T

tacēre

‘be silent’	prp tacent- | pp tacit-
∅	tacet*, tacit, taciturn
re-	reticent

tangere

‘touch’	prp tangent- | pp tāct-
∅	tact, tactile, tangible, taste, tax, touch
ad	attain
cum	contact, contaminate, contiguous, contingent
in-	entire, intact, integer, integral, integrate

tegere

‘cover’	prp tegent- | pp tēct-
∅	tectorial*, tectrix*, tegula*, tegument*, tile, toga
dē	detect
in	integument*
prō	protect, protégé

tendere

‘stretch’	prp tendent- | pp tens-, tent- | freq of tenēre
∅	tend, tendency, tender, tendon, tendril, tense, tensile, tensor*, tent
ad	attend, attention
cum	contend, contention
dē	détente
dis-	distend, distension, distention
ex	extend, extension
in	intend, intense, intention
ob	ostensible, ostensive*, ostentation
prae	pretend, pretension
prō	portend, portent
sub	subtend*

tenēre

‘hold’	prp tenent- | pp tent- | freq tendere
∅	tenable, tenacious, tenant, tenement, tenure
ab	abstain, abstention, abstinence
cum	contain, continue
dē	detain, detention
inter	entertain
in-	impertinent
ob	obtain
per	pertain, pertinent, impertinent
re-	retain, retention
sub	sustain, sustenance
noun	maintain, maintenance

terere

‘rub’	prp terent- | pp trīt-
∅	trite, triticale*, tribulation
ad	attrition
cum	contrite
dē	detriment
noun	septentrion*

terrere

‘frighten’	prp terrent- | pp territ-
∅	terrible, terror
dē	deter
verb	terrify

texere

‘weave’	prp texent- | pp text-
∅	text, textile, texture, tissue
cum	context
prae	pretext
sub	subtext

torquēre

‘twist’	prp torquent- | pp tort-
∅	thwart, torch, torment, torque, tort, tortuous, torture, torsion*
cum	contort
dis-	distort
ex	extort
re-	retort

tractāre

‘manage’	prp tractant- | pp tractāt- | freq of trahere
∅	tractable, tractate*, treat, treatise, treaty

trahere

‘pull’	prp trahent- | pp tract- | freq tractāre
∅	trace, tract, traction, tractor, tractrix*, trait
ab	abstract
ad	attract
cum	contract
dē	detract
dis-	distract, distraught
ex	extract
prō	portrait, portray, protract
re-	retract, retreat

trūdere

‘thrust’	prp trūdent- | pp trūs-
ab	abstruse
ex	extrude, extrusive
in	intrude, intrusive
ob	obtrude, obtrusive
prō	protrude, protrusion

tuērī

‘guard’	prp tuent- | pp tuit-, tūt-
∅	tuition, tutelage, tutor
in	intuition

U

ūtī

‘use’	prp utent- | pp ūs-
∅	usage, use, usual, usury, utile*, utilitarian, utility, utilize
ab	abuse
noun	usufruct*
verb	usurp

V

vehere

‘carry’	prp vehent- | pp vect-
∅	vector, vehicle, vex
cum	convection, convex, convey
in	inveigh, invective
prō	provection

velle

‘wish’	prp volent-
∅	velleity*, volition, voluntary, volunteer, voluptuous
adv	benevolent, malevolent

venīre

‘come’	prp venient- | pp vent-
∅	venture, venue
ad	advent, adventure, avenue
circum	circumvent
contrā	contravene
cum	convene, convenient, convent, convention
ex	event
in	invent
inter	intervene, intervention
per	parvenu
prae	prevenient*, prevent
prō	provenance
re-	revenue
sub	subvent*, souvenir
super	supervene*

vertere

‘turn’	prp vertent- | pp vers-
∅	versatile, verse, version, verso*, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo
ab	averse, aversion, avert
ad	adversary, adverse, advert, advertise, animadversion*
circum	circumvent
contrā	contravene
cum	converse, convert
dis-	diverse, divert
extrā	extrovert, extroversion
in	inverse, invert
intrā	introversion
ob	obverse, obvert
per	perverse, pervert
re-	reverse, revert
sub	subvert, subversion, suzerain
trāns	transverse, traverse
adv	malversation*
noun	animadversion*, anniversary
num	universe, university

vidēre

‘see’	prp vident- | pp vīs-
∅	view, visa, visage, visible, vision, visit, visor, vista, visual, voyeur, vizard*
in	envision, envy, invidious
ex	evident
intrā	introversion
in-	improvise
inter	interview
prō	improvise, provide, provident, provision, purvey
re-	revise
super	supervise, survey
adj	clairvoyant

vincere

‘conquer’	prp vincent- | pp vict-
∅	vanquish, victor, Vincent
cum	convict, convince
ex	invincible

vīvere

‘live’	prp vincent- | pp vīct-
∅	viand*, victuals, viva, vivacity
cum	convivial
re-	revive

vocāre

‘call’	prp vocant- | pp vocāt-
∅	vocabulary, vocation, vocative*, vouch
ab	avocation
ad	advocate
cum	convoke
ex	evoke
in	invoke
prō	provoke
re-	revoke

volāre

‘rush, fly’	prp volant- | pp volāt-
∅	volant*, volatile, volley

volvere

‘roll’	prp volvent- | pp volūt-
∅	vault, voluble, volume, volute*, volvox*, vulva
circum	circumvolve*, circumvolution*
cum	convolute*, convoluted, convolution
dē	devolve, devolution*
ex	evolve, evolution
in	involve, involution*
re-	revolve, revolution

vorāre

‘swallow’	prp vorant- | pp vorāt-
∅	voracious
dē	devour
adj	locavore, omnivore
noun	carnivore, herbivore, insectivore